In light of the official deactivation of Hampton's Ft. Monroe as a U.S. Army base today, U.S. Sen. Mark Warner took to the floor of the Senate Wednesday to urge President Barack Obama to designate the former base a national monument.
“As our nation marks the 150th anniversary of the Civil War, it is an especially appropriate time for the President to recognize the critical role Fort Monroe has played in our nation's history,” Warner said. “I urge the President to help Virginia preserve Fort Monroe’s incredibly rich history.”
Warner asked that Obama use the Antiquities Act to make a portion of the fort, which will now be controlled by the the commonwealth under the auspices of the Ft. Monroe Authority heade by former Newport News Del. Glenn Oder, a national monument which would make it a part of the National Parks Service.
The fort, which was established in 1819 played a critical role as a Union fort during the Civil War. It became known as the "Freedom Fort" as thousands of escaped slaves sought refuge their. Confederate President jefferson Davis spent to years as a prisoner at Ft. Monroe following the war.
"Mister President, I rise today to encourage President Obama to use his authority under the 1906 Antiquities Act to designate Hampton, Virginia’s Fort Monroe as a national monument, which would make it an official part of the National Park Service
Allow me to tell you something about this special place.
The Fort was built in the early 1800’s, but the history of fortifications on the site goes back much further.
As early as 1608, Captain John Smith recognized the importance of building a fort at Point Comfort, as the English colonists called this land.
From its very beginnings, Fort Monroe has been associated with many of the key figures in American history:
Robert E. Lee supervised work on the fortress as a young U.S. Army lieutenant.
Edgar Allan Poe was a soldier at Fort Monroe.
Abraham Lincoln paid a war-time visit.
And Harriet Tubman nursed wounded soldiers there in 1865.
Jefferson Davis was at Fort Monroe on two very different occasions: first, as the U.S. secretary of War, and later, as the former President of the Confederacy, he was imprisoned at Fort Monroe for two years.
By World War Two, Fort Monroe was the headquarters of our military’s successful efforts to protect the mid-Atlantic coast.
After World War Two and to the current day, it has been home of the Army command responsible for training our warfighters.
But, if I could, I would like to focus for one minute on a single spring night in May 1861.
You see, during the Civil War, Fort Monroe had an important strategic role as one of the few Union military installations located in the South that was never occupied by Confederate forces.
On May 23, 1861, three slaves -- Frank Baker, Shepard Mallory and James Townsend – got into a small boat in Hampton, crossed the James River, and presented themselves at the front gate of Fort Monroe seeking safety and sanctuary.
For the previous many weeks, Baker, Mallory and Townsend had been forced by their owner to help construct a Confederate artillery post aimed directly at Fort Monroe.
That’s not something they wanted to be a part of.
I want you to think a moment about the choices that were being made by these three men – these three slaves -- Frank Baker, Shepard Mallory and James Townsend.
They left behind the community where they had spent most, if not all of their lives.
At least two of them left behind wives and children.
It was entirely possible, once these three men reached Fort Monroe, that Union soldiers would simply turn them around and send them back to their owners. You see, that was the official U.S. government policy, even in the so-called Confederate states, even after the Civil War erupted in April of 1861.
And Baker, Mallory and Townsend had to know that, if they were returned as runaways, they could expect to be punished.
But they figured the choice should be theirs to make – so they made it.
They soon found themselves standing before the new commander at Fort Monroe, Major General Benjamin Franklin Butler.
Deciding it might be easier to apologize later rather than seek permission beforehand, General Butler made a huge and historically courageous decision.
He classified the three slaves as the "contraband" of war – a policy that was later adopted across the Union to protect any slave who managed to reach Union lines.
And as a result, Virginia’s Fort Monroe ultimately became a beacon of hope for thousands of enslaved people seeking freedom.
In fact, Fort Monroe became known as the "freedom fort."
The day after General Butler's edict, eight more slaves showed up at Fort Monroe.
The day after that, 47 more appeared.
By war's end, thousands – thousands -- had appealed for contraband status at Fort Monroe.
General Butler’s “contraband of war” decision helped change the course of the Civil War and the nation's history.
This Thursday, the U.S. Army will officially hand-over Fort Monroe to the City of Hampton and the Commonwealth of Virginia as part of the 2005 BRAC process.
And I am proud to join with my colleague Senator Webb -- the bipartisan Virginia House delegation -- Virginia’s Governor Bob McDonnell -- local residents -- and the National Trust for Historic Preservation -- in urging the President to take this opportunity to declare Fort Monroe a national historic treasure.
By using the Antiquities Act to grant this designation, it also would allow us to begin work to create a National Park at Monroe.
For more than 100 years, presidents have used the Antiquities Act to protect some of America's most important and beloved historic places, from the Grand Canyon to the Statue of Liberty.
There is no dispute over the historical significance of Fort Monroe.
I have spent considerable time over the past several years working with state and local residents and officials to explore opportunities to partner with the National Park Service to preserve this incredibly rich history.
I spoke as recently as last Friday with the White House about Fort Monroe.
I am hopeful we will have promising news in short order.
It would certainly be timely if the President’s decision could be announced this week, as the Army prepares to exit Fort Monroe, as our nation marks the 150th anniversary of the Civil War, and as many Virginians focus anew on the future of this special place.
I feel that this is an especially appropriate time for the President to recognize the critical role Fort Monroe has played in our nation's history. And I again urge him to use his long-established power under Antiquities Act to keep this process on track.
Thank you, Mister President."
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